The west Asian languages, namely Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, are not always the first . The vast majority of citizens, however, share a common Turkish culture with some regional, urban-rural, social class, and ethnic variations. As they gained strength they fostered development of a new Turkish literature alongside the Persian and Arabic literatures that had arisen earlier. The 'folk poetry' as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. [ See:JIGAR Iran | Persian Dating(iOS ) Iran | Persian Dating(Android )], Everyone has one, but after the Arab invasion of Persia, many of its people felt lost. And Rumis Masnavi is considered one of the most beautiful Persian literary works, if not of all Islamic writings. International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. Masnavi by Rumi is widely recognized as the greatest Sufi poem ever written, and has been called the Quran in Persian. Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians were numerous, and also several minority Islamic sects had considerable following. 429-444. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. The Islamic resurgence has been less a renewal of faith and dedication than a public resurfacing of perspectives and ideals previously relegated to less public, informal relations under the impact of European secular influences. Counties will have lowered popular opinion with their direct Liege if they belong to a different culture and especially heritage. [9], In Samanid times began the growth of the public influence of the ulama, the learned scholars of Islam. Similar to Fascist architecture, the movement aimed to create modern but nationalistic architecture. Tiles were used to decorate monuments from early ages in Iran. Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. A shared culture spread from Mediterranean to the mouth of Ganges, despite political fragmentation and ethnic diversity.[2]. In the first years of the Turkish Republic, founded in 1923, Turkish architecture was influenced by Ottoman architecture, in particular during the First National Architectural Movement. Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. Samanids encouraged translation of religious works from Arabic into Persian. won the Kora Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. Persian language and culture became the primary connection between Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey and Mughal India. Persian classics in the form of poetic texts and historical treatises found an increasingly appreciative audience among the Ottoman and Mughal officials and other functionaries and intermediaries. The closest related languages are Kurdish and Pashto. Turkish vs Farsi Persian (Farsi) Persian, also commonly referred to as Farsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The religious authorities of these non-Muslim communities became their spokesmen, just as the ulama were for the Muslim community, they also began overseeing internal communal affairs. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. These changes were implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatrk. The name of specialities sometimes includes the name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). He is regarded as one of the greatest spiritual masters and poetical intellects. 31, No. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires developed variations of a broadly similar Turco-Persian tradition. Although much of it spoke various forms of Turkish, as well as other local languages, their classical and cultural language was Persian. [citation needed], The Seljuq successors of Kara-Khanid Khanate in Transoxiana brought this culture westward into Persia, Iraq, and Syria. The southeastUrfa, Gaziantep and Adanais famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayf and knefe. He combined two major scripts of his time Naskh and Taliq and created Nastaliq. [] The center of the Islamic world was under Turkish and Persian states, both shaped by Iranian culture. Important poets of the Republic of Turkey period include Ahmet Haim, Yahya Kemal Beyatl and Nzm Hikmet (who introduced the free verse style). New York: Cambridge University Press, Letter from Gyk Khan to Pope Innocent IV, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turco-Persian_tradition&oldid=1134155080, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 07:22. Zoroastrianism, while having a small following, is still in practice today and many Iranian festivals still center around the Zoroastrian calendar. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. These diverse peoples found refuge in the cities. The language that appeared in the ninth and tenth centuries was a new form of Persian, based on the Middle Persian of pre-Islamic times, but enriched by ample Arabic vocabulary and written in Arabic script. Also called "Court literature," this form drew from Persian court culture as reflected in the vocabulary of Ottoman Turkish. Two years later the Turkish national team finished third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in Japan and South Korea, while in 2008 the national team reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 2008 competition. The Turkish community is often exceptionally generous, attending to those in need very quickly. The main reason for this was Safavids' introduction of Shiism into Persia, done to distinguish themselves from their Sunni neighbors, especially Ottomans. It attracted many scholars and artists of the Islamic world. It is often called the "Seljuk Baroque portal." The colorful displays are usually designs taken from book covers, but geography can influence the tapestries as well. As Seljuks came to dominate Iraq, Syria, and Anatolia, they carried this Turco-Persian culture beyond, and made it the culture of their courts in the region to as far west as the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the still-existent ashik ("ak" or "ozan") tradition, the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. . Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i t (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Mill Edebiyyt (National Literature) movement. [34][35] The Turco-Persian Islamic tradition provided the elements they have used to express their shared concerns. Turkic ascendance to power in the Samanid court brought Turks as the main patrons of Persianate culture, and as they subjugated Western and Southern Asia, they brought along this culture. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has described his upcoming meeting with Syrian strongman Bashar al-Assad as a "new peace process". [30] The imposition of European influences on Asia greatly affected political and economic affairs throughout the region where Persianate culture had once been patronized by Turkic rulers. The Shahnameh or The Book of Kings is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi which is the national epic of Great Persia. Islam did eventually displace the native Zoroastrian religion, however, the Persians held onto their identity through their language, literature and arts which will be discussed in further detail later. The film provides clues as to [] Iran is still renowned as a multi-ethnic nation despite the dominance of Persian culture, and the Ler, Armenian, Azeri, Kurdish, Arab, Balochi, Turkish, and other ethnic groups each have their own unique literary and historical customs that extend back to many centuries. As the three ethnic groups ruled once an empire at their time in. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. By the nineteenth century, the European secular concepts of social obligation and authority, along with superior technology, shook many established institutions of Turco-Persia. One favorite is Norooz, a celebration of the Iranian New Year taking place on the Spring Equinox. As "Persianate" it was centred on a lettered tradition of Persian origin, it was Turkic because for many generations it was patronized by rulers of Turkic heredity, and it was "Islamicate" because the Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence channeled the discourse about public issues and religious affairs of the Muslims, who were a presiding elite. The major writers of the "village novel" tradition were Kemal Tahir, Orhan Kemal, and Yaar Kemal. Ankara Opera House, designed by evki Balmumcu (193334) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (194647). The Middle East (Arabic: , ISO 233: ash-Sharq al-Awsat) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (European part of Turkey), Egypt, Iran, the Levant (including Ash-Shm and Cyprus), Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), and the Socotra Archipelago (a . [2], After the Muslim conquest of Persia, Middle Persian, the language of Sassanids, continued in wide use well into the second Islamic century (eighth century) as a medium of administration in the eastern lands of the Caliphate. Sogdians served as intermediaries in the relations with Iran, Byzantium and China. 161-182, Najwa Al-Qattan. A series of radical reforms soon followed, central to these reforms were the belief that Turkish society would have to Westernize itself both politically and culturally in order to modernize. Turkish film director Fatih Akn, who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won the Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. In Tabriz, for instance, many of the rugs are made for prayer and contain a centralized medallion of sorts. Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period. [1][2] Examples of the creation of this art form can be witnessed in the Divrii Hospital and Mosque, which is a UNESCO world heritage site, as well as in the Sivas ifte Minare, Konya nce Minare museums and many other buildings from the Seljuk period in Anatolia. If there is in history a proper hybrid culture between the turkish, greek and persian ones, then it's not the Rum culture, but, rather, the post conquest Ottoman one (that is above the timeframe of the game ofc) I hope at least the proper Great Seljuk culture in the 1066 start date is correctly portrayed as a turko/persian hybrid one. Ferdowsi enshrined in literary form the most treasured stories of popular folk-memory. It is known as Bride of the Calligraphy Scripts. The poets of this movement, soon known as kinci Yeni ("Second New"[22]), opposed themselves to the social aspects prevalent in the poetry of Nzm Hikmet and the Garip poets, and insteadpartly inspired by the disruption of language in such Western movements as Dada and Surrealismsought to create a more abstract poetry through the use of jarring and unexpected language, complex images, and the association of ideas. Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. This trend culminated in the 1932 novel Yaban (The Wilds) by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanolu. [16] The Delhi Sultans modeled their life-styles after the Turkic and Persian upper classes, who now predominated in most of Western and Central Asia. . There are approximately 110 million native speakers of Persian around the world making it one of the world's most spoken languages. [5] The combination of these elements in the Islamic society had a strong impact on the religion, because Islam was disengaged from its Arabic background and Bedouin traditions and became a far richer, more adaptable, and universal culture. Turkish and Persian rugs represent some of the most striking and elegant examples of weaving available in the market today. A water canal (other name is Cetvel-i Sim) and a picnic area (Kathane) were established as recreational areas. The Kara-Khanids were pastoralists of noble Turkic backgrounds, and they cherished their Turkic ways. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. Roger M. Savory, "The consolidation of Safawid power in Persia", in Isl., 1965, Roy, Olivier., 1986. Her first collection of poems was published in 1935 and she received 3rd degree Medal of Art and Culture in 1936. Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Trkolu, who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for the 20072008 season, on April 28, 2008. The origins of the First Turkic Khaganate is associated with Iranian elements. Although populations across this vast region had conflicting allegiances (sectarian, locality, tribal, and ethnic affiliation) and spoke many different languages (mostly Indo-Iranian languages like Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pushtu, Baluchi, or Kurdish, or Turkic languages like Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Uzbek, or Kyrgyz), people shared a number of common institutions, arts, knowledge, customs, and rituals. Turkic-Persian tradition was a variant of Islamic culture. As the author of numerous ghazals expressing love, spirituality, and protest, he and his work continue to be important to Iranians, and many of his poems are used as proverbs or sayings. This was done as part of a process of modernization, westernization, and of creating and outlining a new Turkish cultural identity, rather than the previously established and depicted Ottoman identity. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. It was Persianate in that it was centered on a lettered tradition of Iranian origin and it was Turkic insofar as it was founded by and for . Other forms of art in Persian Culture are: Prior to the foundation of Islam in Iran, Persians are noted for the development of one of the oldest monotheistic religions, Zoroastrianism. Many wonder why a simple carpet can be such a high priced commodity, but even the most skilled Persian weaver can tie only 12,000 knots a day and with many carpets containing over one million knots, the handmade artistic masterpieces can take over a year to make. Most classical period designs used the Byzantine architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its base, and from there, ethnic elements were added, creating a different architectural style. interpreted as divine light, indicating the presence of God. The Turks did not accept to live in captivity throughout . Edirne (Adrianople) was the Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, when Istanbul (Constantinople) became the new capital, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development which culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul. "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. Poetry is the most dominant form of literature in modern Turkey. In keeping their native tongue, Persians expanded the nature of Islam from a religion with primary Arabic origins to a more encompassing world religion. 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