Having supervised the Tracks conversion to standard gauge, in December of 1896 CP agreed to purchase the line and its charter and began negotiations with the newly-elected federal Liberal government of Wilfrid Laurier for a subsidy to extend trackage from Lethbridge to Nelson, B.C. He and his Mtis wife, Harriet ne Le Blanc, had started their family,10 ran a few cattle, grew gardens, and eventually opened Gladstone House, a roadhouse combination hotel, lodging house and saloon. When a new sanatorium, eventually named the Baker Memorial Sanatorium, was completed in the Bowness suburb of Calgary in 1920, the army abandoned the San. Tainted by illness, the building stood empty until it was finally torn down in 1928, its property becoming a playground. This is the south-western extremity of the Hudson Bay drainage basinRuperts Landand the cold spring-waters up-welling from a cave beneath the Ridge to create this triumvirate of lakes is on its way to the North Atlantic. Labour trouble plagued the project. Come 1922, however, work of any kind became scarce as the post-War recession bit deeply into industrial production world wide. From the north, Allison Creek leads Phillipps trail down to join the Highway. The huge markets of industrialized Ontario were not only thousands of miles away, they were well supplied by Pennsylvania anthracite. Disassociating themselves from United Gold Fields in 1901, Fleutot and Remey staked coal fields totalling 20,000 acres. In 1907 the Presbyterians erected their Knox Church beside the big school on Alberta Street. To compensate for rock included in his output, a man was paid for a short ton2,000 poundsfor every long ton2240 poundshe sent to the surface. In 1973 the Loram Group of the Mannix conglomerate was contracted to mine Tent Mountain and deliver 1,000 tons per day by truck to the Coleman plant. However, in the time-honoured tradition of quid pro quo, Ottawa required concessions from the Railway. Wood had to be procured, cut to manageable lengths, delivered where needed in the mine, then custom cut and pounded into place. The buildings were all of wood construction, the lumber coming from the companys mill located up the Gold Creeks valley a ways. In the middle distance, on the north side of the tracks, the site of the once-busy Atlas where saws sheltered beneath their corrugated roof of stained steel, the dust from the Sort and the kilns smoke swirled in the yard. Tis a travellers delight, and to that Delight this site is dedicated. Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. The European segment of Society who was most interested in its consumption continued to enjoy access to liquor. Take this advice, especially if the day is hot. By the last day of 1934 CM&S owned enough of Internationals paper so that J.J. (James) Warren, the president of CM&S and its subsidiary, West Kootenay Power, and Trusts and Guarantee, had been accorded a chair on Internationals board of directors. During the dozen or so millennia since, the River has scoured its bed deep into the gravel, leaving terraces above the stream upon which the prudent have built their houses and highways. It was over a year behind schedule, had cost some $136,000 more than Hillcrest-Mohawk had promised to invest. With circumstances weighted against them, miners had little choice but to do as they were told, no matter what peril they were required to place themselves in, no matter what pittance with which they were rewarded. On September 7th men desperate to feed their families returned to the pits to do whatever job they could win. However, with War in control of the Economy, demands strengthened and in 1944 WCC began developing its property south on Byron Creek, opening up its Adanac Mine in 1945. The slack was then dumped into a water-filled vat in which the ash and other impurities sank, allowing the clean coal be skimmed off and sent to the coking ovens. The murder of Constable Lawson in Coleman that September of 1922, coupled with lasting anxiety over the Sentinel train robbery and subsequent Bellevue shoot-out in 1920, so shocked the government in Edmonton that it decided that a more imposing edifice was required to impress rule of Law in the Trough. It was not until the rich Kootenay district of B.C. Soon Pattinson built a third kiln and talked the CPR into laying in a spur from the Crows Nest Line. When Ottawa finally declared in 1911 that the part of the Frank townsite still endangered by Turtle Mountain must be abandoned, most of its residents moved west 3 miles to Blairmore. The view opens dramatically as the valley of the Crowsnest widens, showcasing the swelling River. Frank is famous for two things. It can be seen from Alberta Highway 3 west of the town of Coleman in the Crowsnest Pass. In February of 1896, the Alberta Railway and Coal Company (AR&C) announced that it had the finances in place to extend its line west from Lethbridge through the Crowsnest Pass and on to Kootenay Lake. One of the first business decisions it made was to shut down the coking ovens. hwy Crowsnest Pass. Before the steel was laid, however, the companys directors concluded that the post-War recession was more than an economic hiccup, and that their markets had vanished. The mostly two-lane highway was officially designated . Alberta bituminous, though ideal for both coking and steaming thanks to its low moisture and ash content, could only find a market in Ontario when labour unrest in America interrupted deliveries. There the coal was sorted and cleaned by hand and dumped into a short train of small gondolas which were eased by cable down the face of the scarp on rails laid on the slope. 1908: forest fire destroys Fernie (pop: 6000), which soon rebuilds. The Hotel is impressive. The Slide scuttled the deal and Frank returned to recover his Mine. The Crowsnest Pass area on both sides of the provincial boundary is rich in coal deposits, which were quickly developed after completion of the rail line. Interacting with the profile allows you to make selections, place cues, create segments, trim the route, change the color of a route, and more. Safe mining method required that a deep trench be dug into the coal face before blasting to give the exploding coal space into which to expand. Besides the Army, another group which the Great War brought to Blairmore was the Royal North-West Mounted Police. Henry Alfred Fred Kanouse, erstwhile whiskey trader from the Fort Macleod14 area, raised the Waldorf Hotelcomplete with pool hallin competition with Felix Montalbetti who had built Blairmores first hotel, The Alberta. Until all the legalities were satisfied by five years of litigation and ultimate ownership of the property established, no buyer could be sure that the deed to his or her land would be valid in law. At full capacity, the battery was capable of producing 150 tons of coke per day. The pass is located in southeast British Columbia and southwest Alberta, and is the southernmost rail and highway route through the Canadian Rockies. About 1930 Alex Morency opened the Crowsnest Lake Dance Pavilion, a popular hot-spot which closed in the early 1970s and sat decaying in 1999. In 1906, the Hillcrest mine shipped around 30,000 tons of coal to market. In the early morning hours of Saturday, January 9th, 1965, a snow avalanche blocked the Hope-Princeton Highway, in the Nicolum Valley, just outside of Hope. In 1949 CM&S took a record 600,000 tons of coal from Colemans mines in 233 working days. A wooden tipple was raised in the autumn of 1905. Just beyond the road to Hazell, the Triple KKosy Knest KabinsMotel shelters beneath the evergreens on the north side of the Highway. Not far from 20ths intersection, Blairmore Gap squeezes the Railway, the River and the Highway into a narrow corridor between Bluff and a foot of Turtle Mountain to the south. Porter of Pittsburgh and retired from service with International Coal and Coke in 1954, it has a slot lanced into the top of the tank: Ten Ton Toots, the Lions Club sign says, Worlds Biggest Piggybank Another photo, dated to 1923, reveals little standing above the foundations, and todays remains are but a fraction of those. Ten were kept in production for awhile to supply specialty foundry orders, but on February 29th of 1952 Harold Nelson pulled the last loads from the final five ovens still in use and sealed them closed. An outfit called Pete and Pete Sawmill is mentioned in Crowsnest and Its PeopleMillennium Edition, and the Sartoris Lumber Company. By then, however, the company was in the same straits as the rest of the Trough coal producers, and made repeated applications to join with International Coal and Coke, McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke and Hillcrest-Mohawk Collieries to form Coleman Collieries, Limited. In 1914 the two-room Hillcrest School opened, freeing the old Mission School higher up the hill to be converted into a home. A further caveat was that the companies could not, as they could in B.C., directly own entire towns. To house its expanded workforce the company built 36 new cottages on the Moccasin Flats neighbourhood of Maple Leaf, a boon to the Bellevue economy. Its head office, writes M.A. This transaction was consummated on December 2nd. The Mine was averaging an output of 1,000 tons per day. P1180523 Crowsnest Mountain Alberta. Then disaster. It is a much shorter, and, in the years since its opening, a much improved route between the Prairies and Vancouver. As the 20s whimpered to an end, both companies biggest customer by far was Canadian Pacific with its fleets of boats, ships, stationary boilers and locomotives. At 0410 hours the night shift was at work, foreman Joe Chapman and 16 men underground, three workers on the surface weighing coal and readying a train of loaded cars for the approaching CP locomotive. Please note that, as 2009 begins, the B.C. Near the old power plant a broad beach of coarse sand beckons sunbathers, daring the unwary to plunge into Crowsnests waters. Though relief trains of basic necessities sent by supporters buoyed the Workers struggle, their situation continued to deteriorate. Until dawn on April 29th, 1903, this area was the vibrant central business district of the community of Frank. (Cap) Beebe was elected overseer and likely accompanied the football team to Franks founding celebrations a week later. Then the Turtle walked, It is not that the Turtle is malicious, of course; its just unstable. 1, No. Disappointed at not seeing the Emperor among the passengers, the trio decided not to waste the entire day, so, when the train halted at Sentinel, one of them got everybodys attention by discharging his pistol into the coachs ceiling. It was the first of these routes to reopen. Thompson and Company, offered the convenience of night shopping, provided a horse drawn streetcar to carry shoppers down lengthy Victoria Avenue, and dominated regional commerce by arranging the delivery of purchases to any home in the Trough. Skilled tradesmen willing to risk an adventure in the West had to be found and hired and despatched with every necessary nail and bolt and piece of machinery to the end of the Northern Pacifics steel at Bismark in what is now North Dakota, thence by paddle-wheeler to Fort Benton in Montana Territory, the head of navigation on the Missouri River. In Ottawa, beside himself in agitation at the news from Frank, Deputy Minister of the Interior James A. Elevation profile of Kootenay Pass climb, east side, on BC Highway 3 (Crowsnest Highway) But the biggest part of this climb happens in the final 12 kilometers - that is, after the point at which I realized I was getting tired. The mining plan was simple: drift two adits horizontally into the seam. 3 bangs across a small 1964 concrete decked bridge over little Crowsnest Creek. To indicate Trails and Routes, identifying colours were painted in bands at eye level on telephone poles or in patches on buildings. Most of commercial Dominion Street remained intact, the new school on Alberta Avenue was undamaged. The telephone soon summoned posses of the Royal Canadian Mounted, the Alberta Provincial, and the CPR Police to barricade the proto-Highway and monitor the rail line. Auloff was all for heading south into the U.S., and when the other two thought they wanted to hang around the Pass a while longer and enjoy their notoriety, Auloff took the bulk of the loot and made his escape. The post-war recession, however, weakened demand and the company began paring back its workforce in 1921, the very year that six new rooms were added to the Hillcrest School. The law industry, centred on the RCMP and the new courthouse, funnelled monies into the Town, as did the provincial Forestry Service, which had established a post in Blairmore in the late 19-aughts. Finally, legally, White men in the N-WT could repair to licensed rooms and buy their pals drinks to their hearts content. As with most turn-of-the-Twentieth Century capitalist undertakings, there was tension between labour and management in the Passs coal mines. Eighteenth Avenue drops travellers down from the No. How the Picariellos got eluded the police at Coleman remains unexplained, but Sergeant J.O. Just above the yards, on the slope of Bluff Mountain, sits the concrete shell of the tipple, not worth the effort of destruction in 1958 when the works were salvaged, and now valued as a historic site. In Alberta huge blocks of property were not made available. Organizations benefited and some amenities to assuage a harsh, frontier life began to appear. Underground the miners knew disaster was overtaking them when the Mountain groaned and the supporting pillars of coal began to crumble. This time, however, despite the heroic efforts of mine rescue teams sped to the scene by the CPR from as far away as Fernie, B.C., 30 died, either killed out-right or suffocating in after-damp. But, because both owners and miners made big money in the pits, the dead were mourned and quickly buried by the benevolent societies which had formed, in part, for just such occurrences. In response, in June of 1922 the Town offered the APP four vacant lots at the end of what was then Victoria Street to build a barracks-cum-courthouse. From 1912 the pockets of bad coal that had occasionally been encountered in Lilles seams became common phenomena, and facing a drastically shrinking profit margin thanks to increased labour costs, difficulty refinancing its debts in a period of financial uncertainty, and a softening coal market, WCC abandoned the mine in 1912 and began divesting itself of the 200,000 Gold Creek acres that it had acquired. Anything could go wrong in a coal mine. The big Huwood-Hudswell, writes John Kinnear in Crowsnest and Its PeopleMillennium Edition, was seconded to the Cheakamus Power Tunnel Project at Garibaldi, BC, for five years. A shift or two in a mine and a mine there would down tools in protest over a specific issue. 3 crosses the Crowsnest River on a little pre-stressed concrete span which quakes in sympathy when a freight train rattles the bones of its neighbouring railroad bridge about two spits away up-stream. The uncertainty of ownership became an acute inconvenience in the aftermath of the disaster that all but wiped out the nearby settlement of Frank in April of 1903. The Mine Workers of America local organized a co-op, selling memberships to raise enough cash to rent and stock a store with comestibles and durables which the members could buy at cost. Beyond the Overpass, the No. In B.C.s portion of the Pass, one outfit, the Crows Nest Pass Coal Company, controlled the vast bulk of the measures and produced by far the greatest portion of coal. Still mulling Gordons proposal, on June 19th MCCs directors decided to accept Internationals proposal. The coke didnt actually burn, but like charcoal in a barbeque pit, glowed terrifically hot and melted the metal out of the ore. Coal (or wood) could be used in smelting ores, but in terms of caloric potential, coke could weigh up 30% less than coal, making it much less costly to transport. Brock of the Geological Survey of Canada tabled their report. With money flowing out of the community, infrastructure remained basic and the whole settlement had a transient air about it. The Rogers Pass section of the Trans-Canada Highwaythe No. In March of the following year the Village hired Zigmund Scropski as its constable. Baton, one of the partners in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, engineering firm of Elliott and Baton. Union representatives were simply not tolerated; they could buy no food, no shelter, and anyone assisting them would quickly suffer the same penalties. Cleared of its charge, the oven was immediately refilled through its three roof ports with eight tons of slack which was levelled by the ram. Arkoff, Ausby Auloff and Tom Bassoff, boarded the day coach with malice aforethought. This is Aalto. The fact is that for ons the Turtle had waited for an excuse to shed some weight. Smuggling was uncontrollable, as was the manufacture of moon shine.. That year and the next, 1949, some new machinery was purchased, including a Gardner six cylinder, 100 horse-power Huwood-Hudswell 0-6-0 locomotive to replace Ten Ton Toots hauling trains of mine cars through the two mile-long rock tunnel between the York Creek coal dump to the tipple. Having already purchased the charter of the BCS and its attendant provincial grants from The British Columbia Coal, Petroleum and Mineral Company, the CPR broke ground on this, the Crows Nest Line (CNL), at Lethbridge on July 14th, 1897. The area that is being covered is after Manning Park and before P. The disaster delayed WCCs first delivery for four months until the line was repaired, requiring Fleutot to beg the Department of the Interior for an alteration to his companys property payments. Here in the Crowsnest, when the Lewis Thrust Fault gave way, the strata to the west of it over-rode the eastern rock by some five miles. For 1200 feet in from the mouth of the mine the seam had been left undisturbed above, reserved for the time years in the future when the economic limits of the mine would have been reached and the crews, retreating, would mine the remaining coal, leaving the works collapsing behind them. Cattlemen on the Prairies, mountain resource owners and lumbermen rejoiced; finally, after years of badgering their elected representatives, they would get reliable, speedy access to Eastern markets. The Summit Lime Works is the smallest of Continentals Canadian plants, capable of delivering 250 tons per day from its four vertical kilns, as well as limestone gravel. On a property near Sulphur Springs already assessed and acquired by Henry S. Pelletier, et al, Gebo found what he was seeking. It met with some initial success in 1907 when it was able to hammer out an agreement with the UMWA which guaranteed some stability in the coal fields. The Municipality, Today, tourism and a bit of logging are the only things which sustain folks in the east Pass. Barely back into steadier production after a period sporadic activity, the Mine was wrecked by a tremendous blast at 10:20 p.m. on September 19th, 1926. Lille never really amounted to much of a settlement. 1 well blew in. This scheme attracted the backing of Blairmores major employer, West Canadian Collieries, Limited, and with rumours of English capital drifting through conversations, minor merchants from up and down the eastern pass hurried to subscribe. The location was soon dubbed Mountain Mill. Willing Piikani were taught the skills necessary to convert trees into lumber, some of which went for the construction of permanent abodes on their Reserve. 1. He was the first white man to cross the Canadian Rockies from west to east through an unexplored pass. Where it sold its coal is not known to this author at present, but 1924, with other companies embroiled in long labour disputes, was MCCs record year. In the middle of it all, on May 31, 1923, a spring thaw hastened by two days of steady rain drove York, Burns and Lyon creeks from their beds and sent the Crowsnest River rampaging through the streets, causing an estimated $250,000 in damages to bridges, roads, foundations, utilities and commerce. Technically, the Gap is the mouth of the Trough, for downstream from here the Crowsnests valley begins to open out, the evidence of glaciation less obvious. When teams equipped with PROTO breathing apparatus finally explored their way down to the heart of the carnage in Room 33, they found 26 of the deceased. Be that as it may, the desperados detrained onto Sentinels platform and made off eastward down the tracks. Within fifteen years the little towns in the Trough lost their livelihood, made redundant by Oil, the representative of which, the scouring station, guards Savanna flats and its tiny gas field. In hopes of a recovery, the company maintained the Greenhill until 1963 when it allowed the depths to flood. Coleman this morning, On the sunny side of 18th Avenue approaching 77th Street, visitors pass the towns erstwhile fire hall, built, records Judy Larmour in Crowsnest Pass Driving Tour: Coleman (Alberta Culture and Multiculturalism, 1990), in the wake of the conflagration in the spring of 1905 and disfigured in 1934 with a concrete block facade. One of the Governments main concerns was the effect of liquor on the First Nations peoples. The Imperial Hotel was dismantled and removed to Vulcan, AB, where it continues to serve. Maple Leaf Coal Company, While WCC was emplacing its considerable surface plant in the late 19-aughts, another outfit moved into the locality, attracted by an exposed seam of coal up on the bench above, and to the east of, the WCC operation. In it mining engineers swore that it was unsafe mining practices that caused the Frank Slide, claiming that too few coal pillars of too small a mass were left in situ by the miners to keep the hanging wall of the mine from collapsing and crushing the works. Appraisals of each of the businesses were made and because H-MC possessed a good tipple, the profitable Tent Mountain stripping operation, and contracted buyers for large quantities of coal, it was valued at $3.5 millions. In exchange for the subsidy the CPR had signed the Crows Nest Agreement on June 10th promising to forever haul grain and flour from the Prairies to Eastern consumers at 4 per ton, and reduce rates on Ontario manufactured farm equipment delivered to the West. Cameron, mayor. Come the end of 1903 Inspector Davidson of the RN-WMPs Pincher Creek detachment would report that every bit of the hustle and bustle for which Frank was known before the Slide had been recovered. Another safety regulation well resented was the adoption of the safety lamp. There was a loop-hole, however: if one was a friend of the lieutenant-governor one could get a permit to import and legitimately sell regulated quantities of alcohol to non-Natives. In Alberta, writes Chester B. Beaty in The Landscapes of Southern Alberta - A Regional Geomorphology (University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, 1975), the Rockies are known as the Front Ranges, the Eastern Slopes that feed streams which eventually debouche their waters into Hudsons Bay. Thompson of Blairmore, and his brother-in-law, F.M. From the day of his arrival, January 21, 1882, Lees concentrated on the lumbering end of the enterprise, leaving the grist mill to deteriorate. Earlier that afternoon, while CPs westbound train No. Photo provided by Destination Osoyoos Listen to this article 00:06:11 S. Rice urgently recommended the immediate evacuation of the original townsite of Frank. The B.C. Behind the Journal Building, on 17th Avenuemain street, reallyis the Grand Union Budget Hotel. To the design of E.J. Roosevelts policies in the United States beginning to drag that country out of the Great Depression and sparking economic activity in Canada, the company acquired 756,836 shares held in trust by the Canadian Bank of Commerce, a further 55,000 held by the Sherbrooke Trust Company. Gresham. In reaction to the drastic curtailment of working hours, Internationals workforce walked out in a seven month-long strike called by the OBU in 1924. Development on the Dennison began immediately. By invoking the statute Ottawa extended the charter of the proposed British Columbia Southern Railway from the Great Divide eastward into the District of Alberta to the CPs Calgary and Macleod Railway and onward to Lethbridge, permitted the CPR to lease it and gifted the line with an $11,000 per mile subsidy. It was an expensive undertaking requiring the erection of a head-frame, the installation of a lift and the acquisition of gas-powered dinky engines to replace the horses. The McGillivray had been ten years shut down by that time, and so CCL was able to fling its entire workforce into expanding the Vicary underground operation and developing a new open-pit mine at nearby Racehorse Creek. After more months of halting negotiations over wages, hours of work, safety, child labour and housing, on March 15th, 1911, the UMWA called its members out of the Crowsnest Pass mines, first in B.C., then in Alberta. In 1983 the Crowsnest Pass Provincial Building near the Post Office was opened and the courts removed themselves thence, the last session held in the old building being on July 14th. In 1904 Coleman incorporated itself as a Village and elected G.M. You can cycle a line three yards away from the trucks paths, and thats good; the farther the better. Crowsnest Pass: Hwy 3: 1.9km East of - BC Border . The initiative struggled for lack of customers and reliable labour, especially when the Piikanis grain crops failed in the parched foothills soil and they were forced to go hunting to feed their families. They died running, their demise witnessed by the CP men who reversed their engine and sped away from the maelstrom. It is a pleasant, pricy, camp for cyclists. Lonely men could find comfort in a little neighbourhood arising a respectful distance west of the townsite. *Don't provide personal information . Not 200 yards north, Hazell has been a scene of activity since, the story goes, the 1880s when two Italian plasterers from Toronto discovered that the sites limestone was ideal for making the main ingredient of that mixture which was so near and dear to their hearts. The Railway finally got around to providing a stationkindly called a pre-fab by some chroniclers, an old boxcar body by othersand putting T.B. Today it is super simple, right in Google Maps. Not all those with interests in International and MCC were in favour of the new arrangement. On June 14th, 1944, the Towns population was enumerated at 3,169, the largest settlement in the east Pass. They dewatered the lower levels of the mine which it had been flooded fourteen years earlier to extinguish a stubborn blaze. Construction, the towns population was enumerated at 3,169, the lumber from. The Geological Survey of Canada tabled their report adoption of the Geological Survey of Canada tabled report. Adits horizontally into the seam miners knew disaster was overtaking them when the Mountain groaned and the settlement. And baton tons per day is the southernmost rail and Highway route through Canadian. Supporting pillars of coal to market and likely accompanied the football team to Franks founding celebrations a later... To recover his mine Creek leads Phillipps trail down to join the Highway comfort in a little neighbourhood a. 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