[425] An image of the previous monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, appears on $20 bank notes, and on the obverse of all current Canadian coins. .ca. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. Contracts with government. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. [347][348], According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. [199] The bank does not issue Canadian coins; they are issued by the Royal Canadian Mint. WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . [147] Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions,[148] with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land). [336] Established in 1663, Universit Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. [321] Four chronic diseasescancer (leading cause of death), cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetesaccount for 65percent of deaths in Canada. [463], Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian [43] In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence where, on July 24, he planted a 10-metre (33ft) cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took possession of the territory New France in the name of King Francis I. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [49] Among the colonists of New France, Canadiens extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. English and French are its ", "The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities", "House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions", "The Opposition in a Parliamentary System", "Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers", "Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories", "Differences from Provincial Governments", "Keeping Canada and Our Communities Safe and Secure", Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 20042006, "Plans at a glance and operating context", "Millennium Development Goals: A sprint to 2015 and the way forward", "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada", "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "More soldiers, ships and planes for military in Liberal defence plan", "Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations Share of global exports of goods (%), 19782020", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, "Who owns whom? [236] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[85] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. [297][307], The majority of Canadians (81.1percent) live in family households, 12.1percent report living alone, and those living with other relatives or unrelated persons reported at 6.8percent. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. ", "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy? [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. [333][334] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. [207] Criminal law is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. A. J. Casson became part of the group in 1926. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. [59] The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. [108], In addition to the issues of Quebec sovereignty, a number of crises shook Canadian society in the late 1980s and early 1990s. [420], Other prominent symbols include the national motto "A mari usque ad mare" ("From Sea to Sea"),[421] the sports of ice hockey and lacrosse, the beaver, Canada goose, common loon, Canadian horse, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Canadian Rockies,[418] and more recently the totem pole and Inuksuk. [122], By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. [193][194] The Constitution Act, 1982 requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Canada Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's land area is 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles). "[314] Around 30percent of Canadians' healthcare is paid for through the private sector. [154] Canada's largest national wildlife region is the Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, which spans 11,570.65 square kilometres (4,467.45sqmi)[155] and protects critical breeding and nesting habitat for over 40 percent of British Columbia's seabirds. [395][396][397] Canada has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. [180], Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchythe monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [416] Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles and the Canadianization of traditional European and Indigenous symbols. [444] In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. The person who is the Canadian monarch is the same as the British monarch, although the two institutions are separate. [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. [254] It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world[255] and is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. [38] A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada by the Government of Canada in 2008. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [318] Just over 60,000 children are homeschooled in the country as of 2016. .ca. General elections in Canada must be called by the governor general, triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost confidence vote in the House. [245] Provinces and territories have responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare,[246] as well as administration of justice (but not criminal law). 49,871. [90] On the advice of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, war with Germany was declared effective September 10, 1939, by King George VI, seven days after the United Kingdom. In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. [131] Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northern Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. [356] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[357][d] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3percent). [482] The country is scheduled to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup alongside Mexico and the United States.[483]. [105], At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, giving birth to a secular nationalist movement. [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. [52][53] A series of four wars erupted in colonial North America between 1689 and 1763; the later wars of the period constituted the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. Find out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. Internet TLD. [60] The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of Loyalists, the settlers who had fought against American independence. Canada is a country to the north of the United States. [95], Canada's post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a new Canadian identity, marked by the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag in 1965,[96] the implementation of official bilingualism (English and French) in 1969,[97] and the institution of official multiculturalism in 1971. [198] The Bank of Canada is the sole authority authorized to issue currency in the form of Canadian bank notes. [200], The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. [305][306], Canada's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sqmi), is among the lowest in the world. [442] In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Tl-Qubec. 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