When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. an evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. ( .. ) ()= , 20. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. . The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. = , 00. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. The higher schools of the church Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. When the teacher is convinced from his daily observations that his pupil had mastered the reading exercises, he lets him start to learn the reading of the Psalms. . The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. . In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. ], 8. " " The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. .hide-if-no-js { [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE . The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. () = , 3. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. All other texts are in Geez. Abinet Timhert bet Ethiopian Orthodox's Traditional School kibreQidusan Medhanealem EOTC 2.12K subscribers Subscribe 9 Share 634 views 2 years ago Show more Show. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. () = , 2. . The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. = , 21. = , 28 - = . When he is able to distinguish the letters he passes to the next drill known as Geez, i.e. Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. First there is a prayer to be recited. ? = , 14. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. . = , 23 - . The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). . Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat The following illustration may make this clear. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. = , 3. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. = [ ], 3 - ( ) = , 4 - = , 5 - = , 7 - = , 8 - = , 9 - . Everything there is to Ethiopia from around the web. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. () = , 1. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. = , 7 - = , 2. = , 8 . Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. - . A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. = , 2. The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. What is the process of learning the letters? When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. b) Reading lessons from religious books The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. = , 3. Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. 6 . The related musical notation is known as melekket. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. [4] It has been suggested by Monneret de Villard that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the Ancient Egyptian dance. 1) The Nebab Bet 81 2 . He may be called upon to read and write letters. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. ], 1. Students come to the teacher in a group of three or four, all studying the same text. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. ( . ) . [6] He invented three forms of chanting. Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. ( ) = , 13. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. With the expansion of the Kingdom and Christianity to the south and southwest, churches and monasteries were founded, which became for centuries important centers of learning. Online Status. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. ' , 1. [1] The related musical notation is known as melekket. Online. . This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. = [ ], 7. / [ ], 2. b) Qene Bet The first type is known as Beluy. () = , 1. = , 22. = [ ], 3. . = , 06. c) Reading of the Psalm of David. Quick Summary . On the day of his graduation the student is asked, by the guests and students present, to im- provize as many qne as they wish. . Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. Regional varieties may have become standardized over time, and more symbols and segments of music have become available for composers. If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. . . This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. memorization. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. . B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. . He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. [ . ], 30. The large number of characters (33 in 7 orders) with the differences and irregularities of the related sets are not easily grasped by the beginner. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. Roles of Orthodox teachings. Not only did it preserve its ancient tradition with tenacity and convey it to future generations but it also secured remarkable continuity that has lasted to the present day. = , 22 - . Low and deep voice. Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. In these specialized branches the students learns the traditions of the Church, theology, Church history and laws, through the interpretation of the various individual writings. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. He can then practice reading different religious texts. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. : : 1. = , 26. THE ROLE OF THE ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN LITERATURE AND ART - Ethiopic or Ge'eze literature - The literary achievements of the Aksumite period (5th - 7th centuries) - The Solomonic restoration - Liturgical works - Painting and manuscript art THE ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH SCHOOL SYSTEM - Introduction - The nebab bet - Fidel instruction The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. = , 4. 2, 117). = Addis Ababa December 1970. . () : 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. = [ ], 8. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . Refresh. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. = [ ]. C) Reading the Psalms Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. . [ . and hunter (adda), because he leaves everything, even his native village and relatives, in order to study qnepoetry (nbaqom Qal Wld in PICES 3, vol. The student recites the product of his intellectual labour. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. . In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. = , 1. [ ], 9. in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. The teacher either accepts the verses or the offers critical comments and sends the student back for further meditation, students come at intervals to the teacher to recite in the manner. ( ) :: :. = [ = , 12. This process is known as Qutir, i.e. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. . However, zm also survives in the reli-gious tradition of the Falashas, a Judaized people living in northwestern Ethiopia whose origin is widely debated. = [ . . [ . ], 4. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. . The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. . ], 2. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC). .. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. " " " " }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . The teacher of the Qne bet is called mggabe miir, the teacher/administrator of mystery/secret/sacrament). 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . . , 15 -. = , 20 - . To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. The teacher either approves and gives the student a new assignment or orders further practice on the same text. a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction . . = , 1. 12 - () = . This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. . Privacy-Statement . However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. = ( ) = .. 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