salem witch trials balch

George Burroughs and the Salem Witch Trials, Biography of Elizabeth Parris, Accuser in the Salem Witch Trials, Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692, John Alden Jr. and the Salem Witch Trials, Profile of Mary Lacey Sr. and Mary Lacey Jr, Salem Witch Trials, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School. It displays the names of the accusers and the accused, and their household locations, as recorded in the court documents. John Balch, who lived on this property by 1638, was one of the first five original "Old Planters" who settled the area, coming to Salem with Roger Conant from Gloucester in 1626. After Conants death, the colony suffered through the witch trials of 1692. Phips pardoned all those sentenced to be executed by Stoughton in January 1693. In addition, seven other accused witches died in jail, while the elderly Giles Corey (Marthas husband) was pressed to death by stones after he refused to enter a plea at his arraignment. All were marked for class and Tituba for race. READ MORE: Before America Had Witch Trials, Europe Had Werewolf Trials. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/edward-and-sarah-bishop-biography-3530317. They accused several women in their town of being witches. As years passes, apologies were offered and restitution was made to victims' families. This image is a fanciful representation of the Salem witch trials. Mercy Lewis survived a bloody raid in 1689 by Wabanaki Native Americans in Casco Bay (present-day Portland, Maine), during which both of her parents were killed. Betty later married a shoemaker and had five children; she died in 1760. The tradition was English superstition: crack an egg into a glass of water, then wait for it to settle into shape. This page was last modified on 26 February 2015, at 13:35. A period of less than a year caused such turmoil that Salem, Massachusetts, is still widely known for the trials. (2020, August 26). They had seizures, hid under chairs, talked in gibberish, and ran fevers. 2023 By the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Your Portal to the Digital Humanities at the University of Virginia, Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project. Aug 15 1654 - Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay, British Colonial America, 1698 - Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts, United States, Anna Balch, Joseph Balch, Ebenezer Balch, Abigail Rainsford (born Balch), Elizabeth Balch, Ruth Wood (born Balch). By September, they could coerce people like clockwork. The Salem Village Accusations Map shows the day-by-day accusations the month of March, 1692. Laura Wolff Scanlan is a writer in Wheaton, Illinois. Cases would continue in a regular court in January. The Salem Village Accusations Map shows the day-by-day accusations the month of March, 1692. With the Bill of Rights in place, interpretations of the First Amendment consistently ruled that slander and defamation were not protected by the Constitution. As the world grew smaller in the 18th-century, Salem took a leading role in developing international trade routes and enjoyed a period of prosperity and fame. They escaped from the Boston jail for a short time. Salem Village had a very colorful history before the famous witch trials. lanter" Woodbury, Maria Woodbury, Humphrey Woodbury, Hannah Woodbury, Abigail Woodbury, Woodbury, Wo Aug 15 1654 - Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Circa 1698 - Beverly, Essex County, Province of Massachusetts, John Woodbury *, Elizabeth Woodbury * (born Tenney *), Anna Balch, Joseph Balch, Ebenezer Balch, Abigail Raynsford (nacida Balch), Elizabeth Balch, Ruth Balch, ry, Agneta Woodbury, John Woodbury, Jacobus Woodbury, Maria Woodbury, William Woodbury, Florence Woodbury, Walterus Woodbury, Annie Woodbury, Aug 15 1654 - Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, USA, John Woodbury, Abigail Woodbury, Ebenezer Woodbury, Hannah Woodbury, John Woodbury, Abigail Walden (born Woodbury), Ebenezer Woodbury, Hannah Dodge (born Woodbury), Dorcas Woodbury, Aug 15 1654 - Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay, Joseph Balch, Ann Balch, Ebenezer Balch, Abigail Balch, Elizabeth Balch, Ruth Balch, John Woodbury, Elizabeth Dodge (born Unknown), John Woodbury, Abigail Walden (born Woodbury), Ebenezer Woodbury, Hannah Dodge (born Woodbury), Mary Conant (born Woodbury), 1641 - Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts, United States. In response, the afflicted in the courtroom went into severe fits, and Warren responded with similar behavior. No, you didnt see her, because we know this person. As years passed, apologies were offered and restitution was made to the victims families. Website designed and developed by Sperling Interactive. Context & Origins of the Salem Witch Trials, Salem Witch Trials: Conclusion and Legacy, Before America Had Witch Trials, Europe Had Werewolf Trials. About. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. It was not exactly known as a bastion of tranquillity in New England. In his petition he wrote: To The Honourable Committee The humble representation Willm. The museum is open year-round, every day except Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years Day and in January for several weeks as we close to paint, and prepare the museum for the upcoming season. Like Tituba, several accused witches confessed and named still others, and the trials soon began to overwhelm the local justice system. By September 1692, the hysteria had begun to abate and public opinion turned against the trials. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. They later accused people in their community of being witches. But the truth is undoubtedly more complex, and impossible to know. The Salem witch trials have gripped American imaginations ever since they occurred in 1692. Getty Images It's hard to imagine that the sleepy . Just as the jails were filling up with accused witches, the number of those claiming affliction also ramped up. The neighbor, Christian Trask, wife of John Trask, had attempted to reprove Sarah Bishop but "received no satisfaction from her about it." They changed their verdict to guilty. More than 200 accused witched occupied the local jail. She was hanged on July 19, with Sarah Good and three others. the mark of Abigail walden. "Edward Bishop and Sarah Bishop." + 159 F i. Anna (4) Balch was born about 1675 in Beverly, Essex, MA and died on 23 Aug 1726 in Beverly, Essex, MA. Edward Bishop may have been the son of Edward Bishop, the husband of Bridget Bishop. A doctor diagnosed the children as being victims of black magic, and over the next several months, read more, John Proctor sat in the courtroom, watching his pregnant wife, Elizabeth on the stand. These trials had a lasting effect on people's attitude towards separation of state and church, as historian George Lincoln Burr said, "the Salem witchcraft . Mary Easty: Hanged as a Witch in Salem, 1692, Rev. We have modified our mask policy. After the trials, Hubbard disappears from the historical record. Salem Witch Museum The Salem witch trials were done in 1692. He identified these tormentors as Sarah Wildes, Dorcas Hoar, and an un-named witch from Marblehead, most likely Wilmott Redd. Burns examines the witch trials through original-source documents in The Capital Crime of Witchcraft: What the Primary Sources Tell Us, a presentation sponsored by the New Hampshire Humanities Council. However, Sarah Bishop's year of birth is not known. A scene in the courtroom during The Salem witch trials of 1692. Salem's witch trials were the largest and deadliest in North American history. Known for her tendency to go into trances in the courtroom, she claimed frequently to be tormented by the specters of the accused. Hale stated that "Edward Bishop's would have been a house if great profaneness and iniquity" if the behavior had not been stopped. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Ruth, d. Benjamin and Elizabeth (Woodbury), b. Aug. 29, 1691. Nurse was found not guilty, but Stoughton sent the jurors to reconsider. Title/Occupation: Granddaughter of "Old Planter" of Massachusetts Bay John Woodbury/Woodbery. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Of the accused witches Walcott testified against, 16 were executed, one (Giles Corey) was pressed to death and another died in jail. Trials continued with dwindling intensity until early 1693, and by that May Phips had pardoned and released all those in prison on witchcraft charges. His diagnosis of bewitchment put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. Before America Had Witch Trials, Europe Had Werewolf Trials, Women Weren't the Only Victims of the Salem Witch Trials. EXTRA 10% OFF 3+ ITEMS See all eligible items and terms. Salem Witch Trials of 1692 In January of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village became ill. William Griggs, the village doctor, was called in when they failed to improve. As hysteria spread through the community and beyond into the rest of Massachusetts, a number of others were accused, including Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurseboth regarded as upstanding members of church and communityand the four-year-old daughter of Sarah Good. But the damage was done, and it was devastating. Did you know? In 1692, the Salem witch trials were a series of false accusations about witchcraft. An illustration depicting an officer leading away an elderly woman accused of witchcraft. Miller used historical records and texts to help construct his play. Sarah Osborne ( ne Warren) - died in prison (May 10, 1692) before she could be tried. In his book A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trial and the American Experience, historian Emerson W. Baker argues that Lewis and other accusers may have been suffering from what we now recognize as post-traumatic stress syndrome, writes Baker. On September 13, 1710, William Good went before the court to receive restitution for the losses he endured years earlier. Petition for bail from accused witches (American Memory) Abigail, age eleven, and Betty, age nine, were telling their fortunes by the light of the fire. This Edward Bishop seems to have been the father of the Edward Bishop married to Bridget Bishop, and thus the grandfather of the Edward Bishop married to Sarah Wildes Bishop. A third of those arrested confessed but were not necessarily given lighter sentences. Increase Mather, president of Harvard College (and Cottons father) later joined his son in urging that the standards of evidence for witchcraft must be equal to those for any other crime, concluding that It would better that ten suspected witches may escape than one innocent person be condemned.. The trials claimed at least 367 victims (the actual toll may be higher), with just read more. 3 a child of 4 or 5 years old was in prison 7 or 8 months and being chaind in the dungeon was so hardly used and terrifyed that she hath ever since been very chargeable haveing little or no reason to govern herself. The Regional Accusations Map displays the chronology of the accusations from February through November 1692. and shows the spread of the accusations across the towns of Massachusetts Bay. Visitors experience the drama of that dark time though thirteen life-size stage sets, figures, lighting and narration as they are witness to the web of lies and intrigue of the Salem witch-hunt. Two years before the witchcraft hysteria arrived in Essex County, David Balch, grandson of the patriarch John Balch, was ill and bedridden in this house. SUBSCRIBE FOR HUMANITIES MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION Browse all issuesSign up for HUMANITIES Magazine newsletter. Inscribed in the stone threshold entering the memorial are the victims' protests of innocence. By the 20th- century Salem had grown from a colony struggling with crisis to a cosmopolitan city. Woodbury, Agnes Woodbury, Sarah Woodbury, Abigail Woodbury, Ann Woodbury, Peter Woodbury, Peter Woodbury, Lydia Woodbury, Humphrey Woodbu John Glassford, Source: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=47854014, Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Beverly, Essex County, Province of Massachusetts, https://jrm.phys.ksu.edu/genealogy/needham/d0005/I3904.html. He and his wife Hannah signed a petition protesting the accusations against Rebecca Nurse. Five more were hanged in August and eight in September. The court didnt convene until June 2, 1692, so over half those accused, around 70, were just piling up in the jail, says Burns. On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for the arrest of four-year-old Dorothy Good of Salem Village on "suspition of acts of Witchcraft." She was taken into custody the next day and jailed with her mother, Sarah, who had been accused of the same capital crime three weeks earlier. Salem's early history was clouded by religious intolerance that led to the witchcraft trials of 1692. Bridget Bishop is usually credited with running a tavern that was something of a town scandal, but it was more likely Sarah and Edward Bishop who ran it out of their home. Though adult womenand a few menaccused their neighbors of witchcraft in 1692, the core group of accusers were girls. Though the Massachusetts General Court later annulled guilty verdicts against accused witches and granted indemnities to their families, bitterness lingered in the community, and the painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Amid these simmering tensions, the Salem witch trials would be fueled by residents suspicions of and resentment toward their neighbors, as well as their fear of outsiders. Edward accused his wife of entertaining Satan in her kitchen at night and various other allegations. 4Ferris, Mary Walton, Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines (Milwaukee: Cuneo Press, Inc., 1943. (Pg. The museum consists of two presentations. 1 Most of the accused were women but men were accusedand executedtoo. The three women were thrown in jail to await trial for practicing witchcraft. Since witches were often shackled in jail, something like shackles must have been adapted to fit little Dorothy, the youngest person in Salem accused of practicing the devils magic. In effect, theSalem Witch Trialswere over. She gave her last testimony before the court in early June 1692, and no record exists of her life after the trials. There the settlement thrived and grew by farming as well as fishing. It was an allegory for the United States government's persecution of people accused of being communists. When the trial for Sarah Bishop came along Elizabeth Balch testified against her. [E]benezer, s. Benjamin and Elizabeth (Woodbury), b. June 4, 1680. Title page of A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft, pub. The Salem Witch Trials, the events of 1692 in Salem Village which resulted in 185 accused of witchcraft, 156 formally charged, 47 confessions, and 19 executed by hanging, remain one of the most studied phenomena in colonial American history. The 500-plus pages of legal documents that tell the story of the infamous Salem Witch Trials are returning to the Massachusetts Judicial Archives, officials said on Thursday. George Burroughs, a former minister of Salem Village who had relocated to Casco Bay, where Lewis had briefly worked for him as a servant. The son of Sarah and Edward Bishop Jr., Edward Bishop III, married Susannah Putnam, part of the family who had leveled many of the accusations of witchcraft in 1692. In addition, this presentation discusses the emergence of the stereotypical witch and the phenomenon of witch-hunting. Little is known about Elizabeth's life prior to her marriage to Benjamin Balch on October 11, 1674. BOSTON (AP) Hundreds of court documents from the 1692 Salem Witch Trials are being transferred from the Salem museum where they have been stored for more than four decades to the newly . This is not true. But they held them over.. "Shalom" or Peace on June 29, 1629. Salem Witch Museum. Image source: Wikimedia. Because of the statues proximity to the museum and because of his cloak and hat and generally impressive appearance, Roger Conant is often mistaken for a participant in the Salem witch trials. During the spring of 1692, the infamous Salem witch trials had begun where many innocent lives were ruined due to false accusation. Testimony, provided by Elizabeth, would cost Sarah Bishop her life. This Edward Bishop seems to have been the father of the Edward Bishop married to Bridget Bishop, and thus the grandfather of the Edward Bishop married to Sarah Wildes Bishop. It is hosted by the University of Virginia, but the Project Staff is international. In an effort to explain by scientific means the strange afflictions suffered by those "bewitched" Salem residents in 1692, a study published in Science magazine in 1976 cited the fungus ergot (found in rye, wheat and other cereals), which toxicologists say can cause symptoms such as delusions, vomiting and muscle spasms. Historical Insights The Salem Witch Trials During the year-and-a-half-long inquisition at the end of the 17th century known as the Salem Witch Trials, even the pious became suspect in small town New England. Our second exhibit, Witches: Evolving Perceptions, explores the meaning behind the word witch and evolution of the image of the witch over time. Salem witch trials, (June 1692-May 1693), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). Salem Witch Trials: Directed by Joseph Sargent. Salem Witch Trials: The Hysteria Spreads Salem Witch Trials: Conclusion and Legacy The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem. The 16-year-old daughter of Captain Jonathan Walcott, leader of the Salem Village militia, was related to the Putnam family by marriage; Ann Jr. was her step-cousin. Elizabeth at first scolded Edward Bishop for saying these things about his wife but Edward asserted that these allegations were indeed true. Salem Witch Museum. https://www.thoughtco.com/edward-and-sarah-bishop-biography-3530317 (accessed January 18, 2023). His claims were a portent of what was to come in 1692. All Rights Reserved. She married Benjamin Balch (c. 1653 - Spring 1698) on October 11, 1674; he was the son of Benjamin Balch and Sarah Gardner. Often referred to as the read more, In early 1692, during the depths of winter in Massachusetts Bay Colony, a group of young girls in the village of Salem began acting strangely. The witch trials were held in Salem, Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. In 1706, while seeking to join the Salem Village church, Ann offered the only known apology of any of the Salem accusers, stating that she had been deluded by the devil, and that she desired to lie in the dust, and earnestly beg forgiveness from God and from all those unto whom I have given just cause of sorrow and offence. She was allowed to join the congregation, but died from unknown causes just nine years later. This is due largely to Nathaniel Hawthorne's fictional works, Arthur Miller's The Crucible (1953), and also some popular nonfiction books, like Marion Starkey's The Devil in Massachusetts (1949) as well as more scholarly works, principally Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum's Salem Possessed . 19 people executed, were hanged, one pressed with rocks to death and few more died in jail within a year from 1692-1693. ), 1:75, Los Angeles Public Library, 929.2 D269. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Visit The Salem Witch Museum | Salem, MA Visit About the Museum The Salem Witch Museum examines one of the most enduring and emotional events in American History, the Salem witch trials of 1692. After a years residence, Conant became convinced of the need for a more permanent settlement and found an ideal site at the mouth of the Naumkeag River (now the City of Salem). Edward is sometimes identified as Edward Bishop Jr. Sarah Wildes Bishop was the stepdaughter of Sarah Averill Wildes who was named as a witch by Deliverance Hobbs and executed on July 19, 1692. Today Salem is a city of fascinating complexity. There were reasons why it was credible that there could be witches in Salem Village, says historian Margo Burns, the associate editor of Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt. 5Rasmussen, James A., "Edward Raynsford of Boston," NEHGR 139:4 (Oct 1985) (New England Historic, Genealogical Society. New England's most famous preacher and the Great Awakening. Lately I've been hearing some interesting tid bits of information concerning the Balch family and the Salem Witch trials.I read about an Elizabeth Balch, daughter of Benjamin Balch (son of John Balch), who testified against a woman during 1692.I have also heard some interesting information concerning Benjamin Balch.Concerning Benjamin I've heard that he was on a jury deciding cases against "witches" but I've also heard that he provided shelter and a hiding place for people he felt wrongfully accused.One story I've heard, concerning the Salem Witch Trials and the Balch family, is that there were Balches exiled from Salem for their support of accused witches.Basically I have a lot of vague tidbits of information and nothing I can confirm.Does anyone know more about this who can tell me where I can find greater information concerning both the Balch family and the Salem Witch trials.Any help would be greatly appreciated. ), p. 6, Los Angeles Public Library, 929.2 W881-2. Likely seeking to save herself from certain conviction by acting as an informer, she claimed there were other witches acting alongside her in service of the devil against the Puritans. 161 M iii. The Salem Witchcraft TrialsHistorical records show that the Balch family, although living in the midst of the families accused of witchcraft, remained almost totally removed from the 'witchcraft delusions' of 1692 in Salem Village (now Danvers, Massachusetts). The first provides an immersive look into the events of 1692. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. She married Benjamin Balch (c. 1653 - Spring 1698) on October 11, 1674; he was the son of Benjamin Balch and Sarah Gardner. Salem, 1692. 32, 450, Family History Library. With Kirstie Alley, Henry Czerny, Gloria Reuben, Jay O. Sanders. Salem Witch Trials (407) 6.0 3 h 4 min 2003 16+ A masterful work accurately details the current consensus of what exactly occurred to prompt the colonial witch-trials. Wife of Benjamin Balch, Jr. The records of the trials contain only two documents involving the Balchs. The afflicted girls soon accused several local women of bewitching them, read more, In January 1692, a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts became consumed by disturbing fits accompanied by seizures, violent contortions and bloodcurdling screams. Elizabeth, d. Benjamin and Elizabeth, July 6, 1688. Presided over by judges including Hathorne, Samuel Sewall and William Stoughton, the court handed down its first conviction, against Bridget Bishop, on June 2; she was hanged eight days later on what would become known as Gallows Hill in Salem Town. The accusations ran their course in Salem Village, but not in Andover, where 48 were accused compared with 23 in Salem Village says Burns. Known as the Old Planters, Conant and his followers lent continuity to the new settlement and can be considered the founding fathers of Naumkeag, renamed Salem (from the Hebrew word Shalom, meaning peace). Samuel Parris performed the ceremony. All Rights Reserved. The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. The Archive's collection of literary works includes works by Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, and Freeman. SALEM, MA Hundreds of documents from the 1692 Salem Witch Trials, which have been held at the Peabody Essex Museum's Phillips Library in Salem for the past four decades, will be. #33). After the trials, Mary Walcott married a local man, Isaac Farrar; Rev. at a time when America was convulsed by a new epidemic of witchhunting, The Crucible brilliantly explores the threshold between individual guilt and mass hysteria, personal spite and collective evil." Beverly V.R. Lewis, Jone Johnson. They were accused of witchcraft based on spectral evidence, which meant the court accepted testimony that disembodied spirits, or specters, were sent through dreams or visions by the accused with the help of Satan to harm the victims by stabbing, choking, biting, and jabbing them with pins. Edward and Sarah were jailed in Salem and then in Boston, and their property was seized. During questioning, the purported victims exhibited dramatic reactions while townspeople watched. (The Dorchester Company went into bankruptcy in 1627 and became the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 under charter from England). The cases continued to be tried until mid May, but no one else was convicted. of the sufferings of his family upon the account of supposed Witchcraft. The accused were interrogated in public. In February 1692, the Massachusetts Bay Colony town of Salem Village found itself at the center of a notorious case of mass hysteria: eight young women accused their neighbors of witchcraft. His father was the leading merchant of Clayton, a neighboring parish. Far more women than men were among the accused, convicted and executed. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. During the witchcraft trials of 1692, Mary Gage (alternate spelling Gadge) testified that she had witnessed Davids illness, and had heard him claim to be tormented by witches at the foot of his bed. From June 1692 to March 1693, hysteria swept through the Massachusetts Bay Colony, leading to the execution of twenty-five men, women, and children. Though she began showing signs of affliction early in the crisis, she apparently recovered after John Proctor, an outspoken critic of the witch trials, threatened to beat her. The events have also inspired countless TV shows, films, and even musical genres. 19 1/2 Washington Square North More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraftthe devil's magic and 20 were executed.. By early 1692, the 19-year-old was living in Salem Village and working as a servant in the household of Thomas and Ann Putnam Sr. Free shipping . His diagnosis of bewitchment put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. s'd Bishop rideing in to the brooke pretty hastily she finding fault with his soe doing & said that he would throw her in to the water or words to that purpose s'd Bishop Answered her that it was noe matter if he Did or words to that Effect: & soe wee Rode along all together toward Beverly & she blamed her husband for Rideing soe fast & that he would Doe her a mischeife or words to that purpose & he Answered her that it was noe matter what was Done unto her or words to that purpose: And then s'd Bishop Directed his speech unto us as we Rode along & s'd that she had ben a bad wife unto him ever since they were marryed & reckoned up many of her miscarriages to- wards him but now of Late she was worse then Ever she had ben unto him before (and that the Devill Did Come bodyly unto her & that she was familiar with the Devill & that she sate up all the night Long with the Devill) or words to that purpose & with such kinde of Discourse he filled up the time untill we Came to s'd Bishops Dwelling house & this Deponant Did reproove s'd Bishop for speaking in such a manner unto his wife s'd Bishop Answered it was nothing but what was truth & s'd Bishops wife made very Little reply to all her husbands Discourse Dureing all the time we wer with them & farther said not Ann Foster (ne Alcock) (Important in Salem) Mercy, infant daughter of Sarah Good. During the Salem Witch Trials, there were 150 accusations, 141 arrests, 31 convictions, and 20 executions that we know of. (Pg. At the time of the Salem witch trials, an older Edward Bishop also lived in Salem. He outlined accusations from a neighbor of the Bishops that she "did entertain people in her house at unseasonable hours in the night to keep drinking and playing at shovel-board whereby discord did arise in other families and young people were in danger to be corrupted." Work Projects Administration.

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